ArmoHotspot/backend/.windsurf/skills/prisma-upgrade-v7/references/driver-adapters.md

Driver Adapters

Prisma v7 requires driver adapters for SQL database connections. This is the standard SQL execution path in current Prisma releases.

MongoDB should not follow this path. There is no published MongoDB @prisma/adapter-* package, and MongoDB projects should remain on the latest Prisma 6.x release instead of trying to fit into the Prisma 7 SQL adapter model.

Why Driver Adapters?

• No native engine binary in the Prisma Client SQL path
• Smaller bundle size
• Better serverless/edge compatibility
• Uses native Node.js database drivers
• More control over connection pooling

Available Adapters

Database	Adapter Package	Underlying Driver
PostgreSQL	@prisma/adapter-pg	pg
MySQL / MariaDB	@prisma/adapter-mariadb	mariadb
SQLite	@prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3	better-sqlite3
Prisma Postgres (Node.js)	@prisma/adapter-pg	pg
Prisma Postgres (edge/serverless)	@prisma/adapter-ppg	@prisma/ppg
SQL Server	@prisma/adapter-mssql	mssql
Neon	@prisma/adapter-neon	@neondatabase/serverless
PlanetScale	@prisma/adapter-planetscale	@planetscale/database
Turso/libSQL	@prisma/adapter-libsql	@libsql/client
D1 (Cloudflare)	@prisma/adapter-d1	Cloudflare D1

Installation

PostgreSQL

npm install @prisma/adapter-pg

MySQL

npm install @prisma/adapter-mariadb mariadb

SQLite

npm install @prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3

Prisma Postgres

npm install @prisma/adapter-pg pg

SQL Server

npm install @prisma/adapter-mssql mssql

Configuration

PostgreSQL

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL
})

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

MySQL

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaMariaDb } from '@prisma/adapter-mariadb'

const adapter = new PrismaMariaDb({
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 3306,
  connectionLimit: 5,
  user: process.env.MYSQL_USER,
  password: process.env.MYSQL_PASSWORD,
  database: process.env.MYSQL_DATABASE,
})

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

SQLite

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaBetterSqlite3 } from '@prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3'

const adapter = new PrismaBetterSqlite3({
  url: process.env.DATABASE_URL || 'file:./dev.db'
})

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

Neon (Serverless PostgreSQL)

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaNeon } from '@prisma/adapter-neon'

const adapter = new PrismaNeon({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL
})

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

Prisma Postgres

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
})

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

Prisma Postgres serverless driver

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPostgresAdapter } from '@prisma/adapter-ppg'

const prisma = new PrismaClient({
  adapter: new PrismaPostgresAdapter({
    connectionString: process.env.PRISMA_DIRECT_TCP_URL,
  }),
})

SQL Server

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaMssql } from '@prisma/adapter-mssql'

const adapter = new PrismaMssql({
  server: 'localhost',
  port: 1433,
  database: 'mydb',
  user: process.env.SQLSERVER_USER,
  password: process.env.SQLSERVER_PASSWORD,
  options: {
    encrypt: true,
    trustServerCertificate: true,
  },
})

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

Connection Pool Configuration

Driver adapters use the underlying driver's pool settings, which differ from v6 defaults.

PostgreSQL with custom pool

import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  // Pool configuration
  max: 10,                    // Maximum connections
  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,   // Close idle connections after 30s
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 5000, // Connection timeout (v6 default was 5s)
})

Matching v6 behavior

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 5000,  // v6 used 5 second timeout
})

SSL Configuration

Accept self-signed certificates

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  ssl: {
    rejectUnauthorized: false  // Accept self-signed certs
  }
})

Proper SSL configuration

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL,
  ssl: {
    ca: fs.readFileSync('/path/to/ca-cert.pem'),
    rejectUnauthorized: true
  }
})

Migration from v6

Before (v6)

import { PrismaClient } from '@prisma/client'

const prisma = new PrismaClient({
  datasources: {
    db: { url: process.env.DATABASE_URL }
  }
})

After (v7)

import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL
})

const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

Singleton Pattern

// lib/prisma.ts
import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const globalForPrisma = globalThis as unknown as {
  prisma: PrismaClient | undefined
}

const adapter = new PrismaPg({
  connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL!
})

export const prisma = globalForPrisma.prisma ?? new PrismaClient({ adapter })

if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
  globalForPrisma.prisma = prisma
}